Perception and Learning
When a light wave comes in contact with the eye, it undergoes several phases until the brain can recognize it. The front of the eye is protected by an outer coating called the cornea, and, behind it, there is a chamber containing a colorless liquid (99% water) called the aqueous humor. Consequent to passing through the cornea and the aqueous humor, the light reaches the pupil, which is the open area of the iris. Ultimately, the light reaches the retina, which is formed out of 125 million photoreceptors, and, 6% of them are cone cells while 94% of them are rod cells.
At the point when a sound wave reaches the ear, it comes into contact with the eardrum, which is connected to the bones of the middle ear. When encountering sound, the bones of the middle year vibrate and transmit the vibrations to the fluid of the inner ear.
Humans can both see and perceive depth. Depth can be seen mainly because humans have binocular vision, which means that they can look at the same thing at a slightly different angle. Depth can also be measured through accommodation of the eyes, as the eyes constantly have to adjust their lenses in order to focus on specific objects.
4. In order to classically condition a dog to blink his eyes when the phone rings, (considering the fact that the dog usually blinks when compressed air is released through a puff), one has to puff at the moment when the phone rings. If this is done several times, the dog will automatically associate the phone ringing with blinking its eyes.
5. In order for the children at the local day care to wash their hands every time before taking lunch, one has to present the children with the outcome that their performance would have. For instance, if the children were to be rewarded for washing their hands, they would wash every time before lunch. Also, the same thing would happen if they were to be sanctioned for not washing their hands.
6. Reinforcement works better then punishment because it prevents both the person reinforcing and one reinforced from undergoing any disturbing episode.
